Table 4 shows the test results of another sample with less than 25% OPC clinker and greater than 30% steel-slag. In this respect, some mixtures were made with 10%, 20% and 30 wt% of each slag replaced in ordinary Portland cement. Mingshu, T. 'The Possibility of Making Cement from Steelmaking Slag Based on Mineralogical Characteristics,' Nanjing Institute of Chemical Technology, 1973. It can replace Portland cement in various applications and is especially suitable for projects where a low heat of hydration is required. Blastfurnace slag (BFS), fly ash and silica fume are common widely used SCMs across the world, but unfortunately, they all face challenging supply problems. Granulated blast furnace slag is similar to the chemical composition of … Due to its lower density the molten slag floats to the top in the furnace and thus it can be easily separated from the denser molten steel. The blend with 50% of steel slag has the maximum strength and stiffness at 4% cement content. c. Plain light, 250X A pile of RO-phase and tabular C3S. 3. Steel slag mixture has sound economic benefit and potential great environmental benefit compared to limestone mixture. Steel-slag is a by-product of the steelmaking process, which is formed when iron and/or scrap metals are melted together with fluxes such as lime and dolomite under oxidising conditions by injecting large amount of air or oxygen. Background. Traditionally it has been used mainly as an aggregate but for some types there are other applications, such as a raw material for cement or as a fertiliser. Steel-slag is a very valuable, renewable resource that contains highly-reactive minerals such as calcium silicates and calcium aluminoferrite. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) Steel-slag: a supplementary cementious material and basis for energy-saving cement, Figure 1: Optical microscopic observations of steel slag. The microstructure and elements distribution were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). While there are many applications and benefits of slag cement, a few are highlighted below and detailed information sheets are located here. In pace with the steel slag amount increases, the freeze resistance and dry shrinkage performance of samples increase, but the temperature shrinkage performance decreases. Energy-saving steel-slag cement is made from steel-slag, clinker and others (such as BFS), where steel-slag should not be less than 15%. Slag cement, often called ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), is one of the most consistent cementitious materials used in concrete. Molecular simulations also reveal steel slag increases the electrostatic interaction and bonding effect with cement. Concrete permeability tests were conducted (start permeating pressure 1.73 MPa, compared to 1.0MPa for OPC) as well as hydration heat (28.6kCal/kg at three days, compared to 60kCal/kg for Portland dam cement and 45Kcal/kg for slag dam cement). Application of steel slag in cement treated aggregate base course. It is actually a byproduct of iron production. When the iron is processed using a blast furnace, slag and iron both collect at the bottom of the furnace. Fly ash and Blast Furnace Slag for Cement Manufacturing GBFS is slag from the iron production in Basic Oxygen Furnaces. Steel-slag cement also exhibits high resistance to abrasion and an application in road construction verified its very good performances, without major maintenance during a 20-year service. Steel slag produced from basic oxygen and electric arc furnaces accounted for the slag in 2012,1) the consumption of blast furnace slag was 1 390 000 tons for civil engineering, 18 220 000 tons for cement production, and 3 340 000 tons for sub-base course material. However, a specialty steel slag cement, which is composed mainly of steel slag, blast furnace slag and Portland cement, has been commercially marketed in China for more than 20 years and uses approximately 40% of the total steel slag production [7]. Above - Table 1: Typical chemical compositions by percentage of steel-slag, ground granulated blast-furnace slag and clinker.1. The building construction is considered one of the largest consumers of natural raw materials and the production of iron generates about 0.75 t of slag per ton of pig iron produced. The application of different supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in cement production has already been proven as the most effective way to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cement production by replacing the same amount of clinker. The feasibility of the application of steel slag in the road base was examined and the optimal replacement content of aggregate was determined. Figure 1: Optical microscopic observations of steel slag. 1. With the emergence of various new high-efficiency grinding equipment, especially the vertical mill, the high-efficiency and low-cost preparation of steel slag powder has become a reality, which can provide cement and concrete production enterprises with steel slag or ?ladle slag? General observations are carried out according to ASTM D 5106 in order to consider suitability of steel slag replaced with natural aggregates of concrete. While limestone may seem unrelated to the production of iron and steel, it actually is an essential auxiliary material that is added during the production process. This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. During steelmaking, slag is produced in the hot metal pretreatment processes (desulphurization, desiliconization, and dephosphorization etc. Blast furnace slag was about 50% of the tonnage sold and accounted for 88% of the total value of slag, most of which was granulated. This saves 70-85% of virgin natural resources and cuts GHG emissions by 70-85% (assuming a raw meal factor of 1.54 and clinker factor of 0.90). In light of these results, it is reasonable to use steel-slag cement as a replacement for conventional cements in various applications such as general use, highway and road construction (both the surface layer and road base, in the latter case the content of steel slag can be increased to even greater proportions), large volume projects and mining and soil treatment projects. Different contents of steel slag (30%, 50%, and 70% by volume) were blended into the concrete. Slag cement, or ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) is a recovered byproduct of the iron manufacturing process and can be used to replace a portion of portland cement in concrete mix design. Table 1 shows the JIS specifica- tions of blended cements. However, it is less applied in the base course. 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